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Pygaster Morrisii,
Wright. Pl. XX, fig. 1 a, b, c, d, e, f.
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Pygaster Morrisii |
Wright,
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2d ser., vol. ix, p.92,
pl. 4, fig. 1. |
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Forbes, in
Morris's Catalogue of British Fossils, 2d edit., p. 88. |
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Wright,
Memoirs of the Geological Survey, Decade V. NOtes on British
species of Pygasters. |
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Desor,
Synopsis des Echinides Fossiles, p. 166. |
Test pentagonal, depressed ; marginal fold very tumid ; single inter-ambulacrum
much trucated ; ambulacral areas wide, convex, and prominent, with six
rows of tubercles ; inter-ambulacr'al areas wide, with rather large
tubercles, in very regular vertical and horizontal rows, from twenty
to twenty-two in each space on the same horizontal line at the equator
; base falt, concave towards the mouth opening, which is small ; anal
opening long, pyramidal, occupying two thirds of the upper surface of
the inter-ambulacrum.
Dimensions. - Height, eight tenths of an inch ; antero-posterior
diameter, two inches and three twentieths of an inch ; transverse
diameter, two inches and a quarter of an inch.
Description. - This is one of our rarest Pygasters, and
the spécimen figured is the only one I know. It has a thick test, with
a very perntagonal outline, is much depressed on the dorsal surface,
has a flat base, tumid sides, is remarkable for the size of its
tubercles, and for the regularity of their arrangement in vertical and
horizontal rows.
The ambulacral areas are wide, convex, and prominent, and form an
exception to the generalisation of M. Agassiz, that in the genus
Pygaster the ambulacra ar furnished with only four rows of
tubercles, for in this species at the widest part of the area there
are six rows of well-developed tubercles (fig. 1 a, b) ; the two
marginal rows, with about forty-five tubercles in each row, extend
from the peristome to the disc ; the second rows commence at a short
distance from the mouth, and extend two thirds of the length of the
upper surface ; the third rows commence at the base, about half an
inch from the border, and extend to about the same distance up the
sides of the area (fig. 1 b).
The poriferous zones are straight, the pores have moderately thin
septa, with only slight elevations on the surface, and there are four
pairs of pores opposite each interambulacral plate (fig. 1 d).
The inter-ambulacral areas are three times the width of the ambulacral
; at the circumference they are furnished with twenty-two rows of
tubercles, which attain a greater size and are arranged with more
regularity than in any other English species ; each plate above the
circumference has from eight to nine tubercules developed on its
surface (fig. 1 d) ; those on the half of the plate nearest the centro-suture
are arranged horizontally on the same line, whilst the tubercles
nearest the zones form double rows in oblique pairs. The tubercles are
raised on prominent bosses, and surrounded by wide, sharply defined,
sunken areolas (fig. 1 d) ; each areola is surrounded by a circle of
granules (fig. 1 e) ; there are thirty-six pairs of plates in each
area, twenty-one of which are dorsal and fifteen are basal. The
tubercles attain their greatest development at the base, where they
are so uniformly arranged, and so closely set together, that they
appear to arise from hexagonal spaces (fig. 1 b) ; the areolas are
deeply excavated (fig. 1 f), and have a square or hexagonal figure,
two sides being bounded by granules, the other
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two by sharp
elevations of theareolar border (fig. 1 f) ; of the twenty-two rows of
tubercles which occupy the area at the circumference, only six, and
these the three central rows of each column, extend from the peristome
to the disc, the others disappear at shorter distances, the length of
the rows being in proportion to their distance from the margin of the
columns.
Although the upper surface of this urchin is much depressed, its sides
are tumid, as is well seen in the profile (fig. 1 c). The single
inter-ambulacrum is much truncated (fig. 1 a), and the large anal
opening, which has an oblong shape, occupies the upper three fourths
of this area ; the discal opening is small, and the plates are all
absent.
The marginal angle is obtuse, the outer half of the base is convex,
and the inner half concave ; the small mouth opening, which is about
one sixth the diameter of the test, lies in a deep depression.
The spines are short, stout, needle-shaped bodies, marked with fine
longitudinal lines.
Affinities and differences. - This species resembles P.
laganoides, Agassiz, in its depressed form, obtuse basal angle,
and truncated single inter-ambulacrum ; but P. morrisii has a
greater number of tubercles in the ambulacral and inter-ambulacral
areas, P. laganoides having four rows in the ambulacral and
fourteen in the inter-ambulacral areas, whilst P. Morrisii in
the same region of the corresponding area possesses six rows and
twenty-two rows.
P. Morrisii resembles P. Gresslyi, Desor, in its general
form, in the size and disposition of its tubercles, and in their
surrounding granulation, but P. Morrisii is more depressed, has
a larger anal opening, and more rows of tubercles in both areas.
Locality and Stratigraphical position. - This rare species was
collected by Mr W. Buy from the Forest Marble or Cornbrashnear
Stanton, Wilts. The specimen figured (Pl. XX, fig. 1) is the only one
I know. I have seen a Pygaster from the Great Oolite near
Cirencester, which resembles my urchin ; but the specimen was crushed,
and not otherwise determinable ; it had the same number of tubercles
in the areas as P. Morrisii. I dedicate this species to my
friend Profesor John Morris, to whose valuable labours British
palaeontologists are under so many lasting obligations.
Extrait planche
XX
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